Q- Long-term use of metoprolol can potentially lead to which one of the following side effects?
A- Hyperglycemia
B- Hypoglycemia
C- Hair loss
D- Increased appetite
B- Hypoglycemia- Metoprolol is a beta-blocker commonly used to treat hypertension, angina, and other cardiovascular conditions. While it is generally well-tolerated, long-term use of metoprolol can have several side effects, one of which is hypoglycemia. This is particularly relevant for patients with diabetes or those on insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents, as beta-blockers can mask the typical symptoms of hypoglycemia such as tachycardia. Therefore, it is crucial for patients using metoprolol, especially those with diabetes, to monitor their blood sugar levels regularly and be aware of the potential for hypoglycemia.
Q- Propranolol should be stopped immediately in which one of the following recently diagnosed conditions?
A- Angina pectoris
B- Partial AV heart block
C- Supraventricular tachycardia
D- Tremors
B- Partial AV heart block- Propranolol can exacerbate conduction problems within the heart. In the case of a partial AV heart block, where there is already a delay or interruption in the transmission of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles, propranolol can worsen this condition, potentially leading to a complete heart block, which is a serious and life-threatening condition.
Q- Which one of the following medications is the most effective in a case of generalized anxiety disorder?
A- Buspirone
B- Midazolam
C- Phenobarbital
D- Zolpidem
A- Buspirone- It is an anxiolytic specifically indicated for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. It is effective in reducing anxiety without the sedative and muscle-relaxant effects commonly seen with benzodiazepines. Additionally, buspirone does not have the potential for dependence and withdrawal symptoms, making it a safe and effective option for long-term management of GAD.
