Q- Which one of the following is an estimate for the fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged?
A- Bioavailability
B- Clearance
C- Half-life
D- Volume of distribution
A- Bioavailability- for IV dose, bioavailability is 100% while for oral dose it is less than 100%. Clearance is the amount of plasma cleared of drug per unit time. Half-life is the time required to change to half of the amount of the dose. Volume of distribution is the volume occupied by total drug in the body in a relation to its plasma concentration.
Q- Which one of the following drugs may cause pancreatitis as an adverse effect?
A- Acetaminophen
B- Didanosine
C- Clindamycin
D- Rifampin
B- Didanosine- It is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It may cause pancreatitis. Other drugs that can cause pancreatitis are corticosteroids, alcohol, valproic acid, and azathioprine.
Q- Which one of the following antibiotics can cause interstitial nephritis?
A- Amoxicillin
B- Oxacillin
C- Piperacillin
D- Ticarcillin
C- Piperacillin- a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic, is known to be associated with the development of interstitial nephritis as an adverse effect. Interstitial nephritis involves inflammation of the spaces between renal tubules in the kidney, and it can lead to impaired kidney function. Amoxicillin, Oxacillin, and Ticarcillin are not typically associated with a higher risk of causing interstitial nephritis compared to Piperacillin.
