Q- Tension pneumothorax should be diagnosed clinically. What is the next step of management if you diagnose a case of tension pneumothorax of more than 3cm?
A-MRI of the chest
B-Needle aspiration
C-Observation for complications
D-Supplemental oxygen only
B-Needle aspiration- Immediate needle aspiration is needed for any tension pneumothorax over 2 cm. Observation and supplemental oxygen are appropriate in smaller-size pneumothorax. MRI is important but it delays the interaction.
Q- Serum calcium levels could be falsely low in which one of the following conditions?
A-Hypertension
B-Hyperthyroidism
C-Hypoalbuminemia
D-Hypothyroidism
C-Hypoalbuminemia- Ionized calcium should be checked and calculated in cases of hypoalbuminemia to get the correct result. Hypertension and thyroid defects may affect the level of serum calcium but they will not affect the measurement of serum calcium unless they are accompanied with serum hypoalbuminemia.
Q- Which one of the following renal conditions is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
A-Diabetic nephropathy
B-Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
C-Membranous nephropathy
D-Minimal-change disease
D-Minimal-change disease- This is the most common nephrotic syndrome in children. It is idiopathic but it can occur secondary to NSAID’s use or malignancy.
