Q- Which one of the following conditions most likely occurs during normal delivery when the shoulders of the baby are impacted behind the maternal bony pelvis?
A- Frozen shoulder
B- Rotator cuff tear
C- Shoulder dystocia
D- Tendinitis
C- Shoulder dystocia- Shoulder dystocia occurs when the baby’s shoulders become stuck behind the maternal pubic bone during delivery. It is an obstetric emergency requiring specific maneuvers. Frozen shoulder, rotator cuff tear, and tendinitis are unrelated orthopedic conditions.
Q- Which one of the following nerves would be likely affected if a stab injury is inflicted on the lower brachial plexus (C8-T1)?
A- Axillary nerve
B- Musculocutaneous nerve
C- Radial nerve
D- Ulnar nerve
D- Ulnar nerve- A lower brachial plexus injury (C8–T1), also known as Klumpke palsy, most commonly affects the ulnar nerve. This results in weakness of intrinsic hand muscles and sensory loss in the medial hand. The axillary, musculocutaneous, and most radial nerve functions come from higher roots.
Q- Megaloblastic anemia is caused by folic acid or Vitamin B12 deficiency. Which of these reactions is directly affected by vitamin B12 deficiency?
A- Malonyl CoA >> palmitate
B- Methylmalonyl CoA >> succinyl CoA
C- Propionyl CoA >> methylmalonyl CoA
D- Succinyl CoA >> fumarate
B- Methylmalonyl CoA >> succinyl CoA- Vitamin B12 is required for the enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, which converts methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. When B12 is deficient, this reaction is impaired, leading to elevated methylmalonic acid — a hallmark of B12 deficiency.
C D D