Q- which of the following is the most common infectious cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in Central and South America?
A- Coxsackievirus B
B- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
C- Rickettsia
D- Trypanosoma cruzi
D- Treponema cruzi- In Central and South America, the most common infectious cause of dilated cardiomyopathy is Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease is transmitted by the bite of triatomine bugs (“kissing bugs”) and can lead to chronic myocarditis, progressive heart failure, arrhythmias, and dilated cardiomyopathy.
Q- Which of the following is the most sensitive test to order in a suspected case of myocardial sarcoidosis?
A- Angiography
B- Endocardial biopsy
C- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
D- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan
D- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan- PET scan with FDG (Fluorodeoxyglucose) is the most sensitive test for detecting active myocardial inflammation in suspected myocardial sarcoidosis.
Q- Diagnosis of candidiasis is based on which one of the following laboratory tests?
A- Culture from the affected area
B- Potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mount
C- Skin biopsy
D- Wright’s stain test
B- Potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mount- A KOH wet mount is a rapid and commonly used test for diagnosing candidiasis. It involves mixing a sample (skin scraping, vaginal swab, or oral swab) with potassium hydroxide (KOH) to dissolve background debris, allowing fungal elements (such as Candida hyphae or budding yeast) to be seen under a microscope.
While culture from the nails is useful for diagnosing fungal infections like onychomycosis, Candida infections are often identified more quickly with KOH prep.
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