Q- Routine prophylactic eye antimicrobial therapy is administered to all newborns to prevent blindness caused by which of the following organisms?
A- Chlamydia trachomatis
B- Cytomegalovirus
C- Herpes simplex virus
D- Neisseria gonorrhea
E- Toxoplasma gondii
D- Neisseria gonorrhea- Erythromycin ointment is usually applied to all newborns shortly after birth to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum caused by Neisseria gonorrhea. This infection can lead to rapidly progressing conjunctivitis and permanent blindness if untreated.
Q- Which of the following is the most common cause of clonic seizures in the first 24 hours of a newborn?
A- Birth trauma
B- Hypocalcemia
C- Hypoglycemia
D- Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
E- Intracranial hemorrhage
D- Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy- Clonic seizures in the first 24 hours of a newborn are most commonly caused by hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. This condition results from perinatal asphyxia, leading to poor oxygen and blood flow to the brain. It is commonly presented with seizures on the first day of life. Hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia are common metabolic causes but typically present after the first day. Birth trauma and intracranial hemorrhage can cause seizures, but less common compared to HIE.
Q- Which of the following neonatal findings suggests congenital rubella syndrome?
A- Cataracts
B- Cleft lip and palate
C- Micrognathia
D- Omphalocele
E- Periventricular calcifications
A- Cataracts- Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) classically presents with a triad:
Sensorineural deafness
Cataracts (or other eye abnormalities like retinopathy)