Q- A patient receiving amphotericin B develops fever, chills, and renal dysfunction. What is the primary mechanism of nephrotoxicity?
A- Afferent arteriole vasoconstriction
B- Autoimmune tubular injury
C- Direct glomerular inflammation
D- Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
A- Afferent arteriole vasoconstriction- Amphotericin B causes dose-dependent nephrotoxicity by constricting the afferent arteriole, reducing renal blood flow and GFR.
Q- A patient taking digoxin presents with nausea, confusion, and visual disturbances. Which electrolyte abnormality increases the risk of toxicity?
A- Hypercalcemia
B- Hyperkalemia
C- Hypocalcemia
D- Hypokalemia
D- Hypokalemia- Low potassium enhances digoxin binding to Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, increasing the risk of arrhythmias and toxicity.
Q- Which medication is commonly associated with drug-induced lupus erythematosus?
A- Hydralazine
B- Methyldopa
C- Penicillamine
D- Propranolol
A- Hydralazine- Hydralazine can cause drug-induced lupus, especially in slow acetylators, presenting with arthralgia, fever, and positive ANA.
Q- A patient with peptic ulcer disease is prescribed misoprostol. What is the primary therapeutic effect of this drug?
A- Decreases gastric acid secretion
B- Increases gastric mucosal protection
C- Neutralizes gastric acid
D- Prevents Helicobacter pylori growth
B- Increases gastric mucosal protection- Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E₁ analog that increases mucus and bicarbonate secretion and improves mucosal blood flow.
Q- A patient on chronic steroid therapy abruptly stops the medication. Which complication is most likely?
A- Adrenal crisis
B- Cushing syndrome
C- Hyperaldosteronism
D- Thyroid storm
A- Adrenal crisis- Sudden withdrawal of long-term corticosteroids suppresses the HPA axis, leading to acute adrenal insufficiency.