Q- A 30-year-old woman presents with chronic diarrhea, bloating, and weight loss. Laboratory testing reveals iron deficiency anemia. Symptoms improve on a gluten-free diet.
Which of the following antibodies is most specific for this condition?
A- Anti-centromere antibodies
B- Anti-dsDNA antibodies
C- Anti-endomysial antibodies
D- Anti-mitochondrial antibodies
Q- A 58-year-old man presents with progressive fatigue and exertional dyspnea. Physical examination reveals pale conjunctiva. Laboratory studies show hemoglobin 8.9 g/dL, MCV 105 fL, and hypersegmented neutrophils on peripheral smear.
Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause?
A- Chronic inflammation
B- Iron deficiency
C- Thalassemia
D- Vitamin B12 deficiency
Q- A 65-year-old woman presents with sudden vision loss in her right eye. Fundoscopic exam shows a pale retina with a cherry-red spot.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A- Acute angle-closure glaucoma
B- Central retinal artery occlusion
C- Central retinal vein occlusion
D- Retinal detachment
Q- A 72-year-old man presents with acute confusion after being treated for pneumonia. Labs reveal sodium 118 mEq/L with low serum osmolality and inappropriately concentrated urine.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A- Adrenal insufficiency
B- Dehydration
C- Diabetes insipidus
D- Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
Q- A 40-year-old woman presents with episodic flushing, diarrhea, and wheezing. CT scan reveals a mass in the ileum.
Which of the following substances is most likely elevated?
A- Gastrin
B- Histamine
C- Serotonin
D- Vasoactive intestinal peptide