Q- Which one of the following medications is the most effective in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic patients?
A- Metformin
B- Glargine
C- Glipizide
D- Repaglinide
D- Repaglinide- For patients who need to target postprandial glucose control, repaglinide is the best choice due to its rapid onset and short half-life. Metformin lowers fasting blood glucose by reducing hepatic production, so it has less of an effect on prandial glucose levels. Glargine is a long-acting basal insulin. Glipizide stimulates insulin release, but it has a longer duration of action.
Q- Which one of the following non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme inhibitor?
A- Aspirin
B- Celecoxib
C- Diclofenac
D-Ibuprofen
B- Celecoxib is the only one that inhibits the COX-2 enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for inflammation and pain. All the others inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Celecoxib reduces the risk of gastrointestinal side effects compared to non-selective drugs.
Q- Which one of the following vitamins can be synthesized from a dietary source?
A- Vitamin A
B- Vitamin B1
C- Vitamin B6
D- Vitamin C
A- Vitamin A can be synthesized from dietary sources such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and spinach. The human body can convert beta-carotene into retinol, the active form of Vitamin A. Other vitamins can be obtained from dietary resources but are not synthesized by the human body. The body does not synthesize vitamin C due to the lack of gluconolactone oxidase in humans, while it is found in some animals.
