Repeated USMLE Questions Step 1- Review- 42

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Q- Dwarfism is recognized as shortness in height that can be caused by genetic or medical conditions. Which of the following is the most common cause of dwarfism?

A- Achondroplasia

B- Osteonecrosis

C- Osteopetrosis

D- Rickets

A- Achondroplasia- It is an autosomal dominant disorder leads to failure of endochondral ossification which is responsible for longitudinal bone growth.



Q- Cervical subluxation, ulnar finger deviation and swan nick deformities are characteristic of which one of the following conditions?

A- Gout

B- Osteoarthritis

C- Pseudo-gout

D- Rheumatoid arthritis

D- Rheumatoid arthritis- It is an autoimmune disease characterized by erosion of articular cartilage and bone. It causes erosions, soft tissue swelling and extraarticular manifestations.



Q- Anterograde amnesia is defined as inability to make new memories. Lesion of which one of the following locations may lead to this condition?

A- Amygdala

B- Basal ganglia

C- Hippocampus

D- Subthalamic nucleus

C- Hippocampus- Bilateral lesion of hippocampus leads to anterograde amnesia. Lesion of amygdala leads to disinhibited behavior. Lesion to basal ganglia may result in Parkinsonism or Huntington disease. Lesion of subthalamic nucleus may lead to contralateral hemiballismus.



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