Repeated USMLE Questions Step 1 Review- 146- Pharmacology

Q- A 40-year-old man is treated with chloramphenicol for a severe infection. Later, he develops pancytopenia. What is the most likely mechanism of this adverse effect?

A- Immune-mediated hemolysis

B- Irreversible aplastic anemia

C- Megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency

B- Irreversible aplastic anemia- Chloramphenicol can cause idiosyncratic, irreversible aplastic anemia that is not dose-dependent. Dose-dependent reversible suppression may also occur.

 

Q- A 70-year-old woman with hypertension and type 2 diabetes is started on a thiazide diuretic. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to occur?

A- Hyperkalemia

B- Hypernatremia

C- Hypocalcemia

D- Hypokalemia

D- Hypokalemia- Thiazides increase sodium and chloride excretion but promote potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis.

 

Q- A 25-year-old man develops muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, and autonomic instability after receiving haloperidol. Which drug can be used to treat this condition?

A- Atropine

B- Dantrolene

C- Physostigmine

D- Propranolol

B- Dantrolene- Dantrolene is used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome and malignant hyperthermia by reducing muscle calcium release.

 

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