Repeated USMLE Questions Step 1 Review-171- Pharmacology

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Q- A patient treated with a nonselective beta blocker develops hypoglycemia that is difficult to recognize. What explains the masking of hypoglycemia symptoms?

A- Alpha receptor blockade

B- Beta-1 receptor stimulation

C- Beta-2 receptor blockade

D- Muscarinic receptor blockade

C- Beta-2 receptor blockade- Nonselective beta blockers inhibit β₂-mediated glycogenolysis and mask adrenergic warning symptoms like tachycardia, making hypoglycemia harder to detect.

 

Q- A patient with hyperlipidemia is treated with cholestyramine. What is the primary mechanism by which this drug lowers cholesterol?

A- Decreases hepatic cholesterol synthesis

B- Inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption

C- Increases bile acid excretion in stool

D- Stimulates lipoprotein lipase

C- Increases bile acid excretion in stool- Cholestyramine binds bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption. The liver then uses more cholesterol to synthesize new bile acids, lowering LDL levels.

 

Q- A patient receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy develops osteoporosis. What is the main mechanism responsible for this effect?

A- Decreased calcium absorption and increased bone resorption

B- Decreased osteoclast activity

C- Increased vitamin D activation

D- Increased calcium reabsorption in bone

A- Decreased calcium absorption and increased bone resorption- Glucocorticoids decrease intestinal calcium absorption and increase osteoclast activity, leading to bone loss and osteoporosis.

 

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Dr Ray Makar
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