Q- Stimulation of muscarinic receptors by pilocarpine is competitively inhibited by which of the following medications?
A- Atropine
B- Edrophonium
C- Physostigmine
D- Pralidoxime
A- Atropine- Atropine is a competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors and therefore blocks the muscarinic effects of pilocarpine. Edrophonium and physostigmine increase acetylcholine, and pralidoxime reactivates acetylcholinesterase but does not block muscarinic receptors directly
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Q- Which one of the following local anesthetics can NOT be given parenterally due to its physicochemical properties?
A- Benzocaine
B- Etidocaine
C- Mepivacaine
D- Procaine
A- Benzocaine- Benzocaine is used only as a topical anesthetic because it is poorly water-soluble and cannot be reliably or safely administered parenterally. Etidocaine, mepivacaine, and procaine are all injectable local anesthetics.
Q- Which one of the following drugs is the most effective for severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy?
A- Cimetidine
B- Loratadine
C- Meclizine
D- Ondansetron
D- Ondansetron- Ondansetron is one of the most effective and commonly used medications for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, especially when symptoms are moderate to severe. Meclizine can help mild cases, but ondansetron provides stronger symptom control. Cimetidine and loratadine are not used for pregnancy-related nausea.
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Can you please give with explanations.