Q- Which of the following characterizes the intravenous (IV) route of administration?
A- Efficacy is affected by liver disorders
B- Maximum bioavailability
C- Rapidly excreted
D- Undergo first pass metabolism
B- Maximum bioavailability- The IV route delivers a drug directly into the bloodstream, giving it 100% bioavailability. It does not undergo first-pass metabolism, is not affected by liver disorders in terms of absorption, and the excretion rate depends on the drug, not the route.
Q- Which of the following medications reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives?
A- Carbamazepine
B- Ketoconazole
C- Omeprazole
D- Ritonavir
A- Carbamazepine- Carbamazepine is a strong CYP450 inducer, which accelerates the metabolism of oral contraceptives and reduces their effectiveness, increasing the risk of unintended pregnancy. Ketoconazole is a CYP inhibitor, ritonavir can increase hormone levels, and omeprazole has no significant effect on oral contraceptive efficacy.
Q- Which of the following medications is the best treatment for absence seizures?
A- Bupropion
B- Ethosuximide
C- Haloperidol
D- Methylphenidate
B- Ethosuximide- Ethosuximide is the drug of choice for absence (petit mal) seizures because it blocks T-type calcium channels in thalamic neurons. The other medications are used for depression, psychosis, or ADHD—not for absence seizures.
I am glad you like it. Thanks so much, Dr. Feroz for your comment.
Very helpful thank u so much sir for your every post
You’re very welcome! Thank you so much for visiting my site. I wish you have a great success in your career.
Thank you
You are very welcome Dr. Mohamednor.
Dear dr Ray thank you again
Thank you so much Dear Dr.
Welldone
Thanks Dr Usama
Really appreciate
I will. Thank you
Excellent
Keep it up