Q- Which one of the following neoplasms is the most likely related to HIV infection?
A- Burkitt’s lymphoma
B- Hodgkin’s lymphoma
C- Kaposi sarcoma
D- Myelocytic leukemia
C- Kaposi sarcoma- Kaposi sarcoma is strongly associated with HIV infection and is caused by HHV-8. It is a classic AIDS-defining illness. The other malignancies can occur in HIV, but are not as strongly linked as Kaposi sarcoma.
Q- If the prevalence of a disease is 10%, what is the chance that randomly selected 3 persons out of this population will all have the disease?
A- 0.1
B- 0.0.1
C- 0.001
D- 0.0001
C- 0.001- If disease prevalence is 10%, the probability that one person has the disease is 0.1. For three independent individuals, the probability all three have it is: 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 = 0.001
Q- Conversion of ethanol to acetate will result in increase production of which of the following?
A- NAD
B- NADH
C- Oxaloacetate
D- Pyruvate
B- NADH- Ethanol is metabolized in two major steps (ethanol → acetaldehyde → acetate), and both steps use NAD⁺ and produce NADH. This leads to an increased NADH/NAD⁺ ratio, which contributes to lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and fatty liver.
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