Repeated USMLE Questions Step 1 | Review

Q- Which one of the following classes of drugs decreases preload by increasing venous capacitance?

A- ACE inhibitors

B- Beta blockers

C- Nitrates

D- Thiazide diuretics

C- Nitrates cause dilatation of veins, which decreases preload, leading to reduced cardiac workload.

Q- A patient with vitamin B12 deficiency develops neurological symptoms. Which metabolic change is responsible?

A- Increased homocysteine only

B- Increased methylmalonic acid only

C- Increased homocysteine and methylmalonic acid

D- Decreased folate levels

C- Increased homocysteine and methylmalonic acid- B12 deficiency causes accumulation of both homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, leading to neurological dysfunction.

Q- A patient has a mutation in mitochondrial DNA. Which pattern of inheritance is expected?

A- Autosomal dominant

B- Autosomal recessive

C- Maternal inheritance

D- X-linked inheritance

C- Maternal inheritance- Mitochondrial DNA is inherited exclusively from the mother.

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