Q- Prolonged use of which one of the following medications can lead to increased metabolism of warfarin?
A- Meprobamate
B- Phenobarbital
C- Triazolam
D- Zolpidem
B- Phenobarbital- Phenobarbital induces cytochrome P450 system, which is responsible for the metabolism of many drugs, including warfarin. By inducing these enzymes, phenobarbital increases the metabolism of warfarin, potentially reducing its effectiveness and necessitating a higher dose of warfarin to maintain therapeutic anticoagulant effects.
Q- Which of the following conditions is characterized by intellectual disability, self-mutilating, and gout in a young boy?
A- Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
B-McArdle’s disease
C-Pompe disease
D-Von Gierke’s disease
A-Lesch-Nyhan syndrome- It is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). This enzyme deficiency leads to the overproduction of uric acid, resulting in gout. The syndrome is also associated with neurological and behavioral abnormalities, including intellectual disability and self-mutilating behaviors such as biting of the lips and fingers.
Q- Which one of the following conditions is characterized by hamartomatous gastrointestinal polyps and hyperpigmentation of mouth, feet, hands, and genitalia?
A-Familial adenomatous polyposis
B-Juvenile polyposis syndrome
C-Lynch syndrome
D-Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
D-Peutz-Jeghers syndrome- It is a genetic disorder that predisposes individuals to the development of distinctive pigmented spots on the skin and mucous membranes and hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. These polyps can cause various gastrointestinal symptoms and increase the risk of gastrointestinal cancers.
