Q- Which one of the following medications may cause metabolic acidosis by reducing the reabsorption of bicarbonate in the kidneys?
A- Acetazolamide
B- Furosemide
C- Hydrochlorothiazide
D- Spironolactone
A- Acetazolamide- It inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is crucial for the reabsorption of bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) in the proximal tubule of the kidney. By inhibiting this enzyme, acetazolamide leads to increased excretion of bicarbonate in the urine, which reduces the bicarbonate levels in the blood, leading to metabolic acidosis.
Q- Chancroid is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) characterized by painful ulcers on the genitalia. This infection is caused by which one of the following organisms?
A- Chlamydia trachomatis
B- Haemophilus ducreyi
C- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
D- Treponema pallidum
B- Haemophilus ducreyi- Chancroid is an STI characterized by painful genital ulcers and swollen lymph nodes. The ulcers caused by Haemophilus ducreyi have irregular borders and a soft base, often described as having a “soft chancre”. The Chancre of primary syphilis is not painful.
Q- Which one of the following medications is used as a general anesthetic and less likely to cause postoperative nausea and vomiting?
A- Etomidate
B- Methylphenidate
C- Morphine
D- Propofol
D- Propofol- It is a widely used intravenous general anesthetic known for its rapid onset and short duration of action. One of its significant advantages is its lower likelihood of causing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) compared to other anesthetic agents.
