Q- Which of the following symptoms is more commonly associated with allergies rather than the common cold?
A- Fever
B- Runny nose
C- Sore throat
D- Watery eyes
D- Watery eyes- Watery eyes are more commonly associated with allergies rather than the common cold. While both allergies and the common cold can cause symptoms such as a sore throat, runny nose, and occasionally fever, itchy watery eyes are a hallmark symptom of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. Itchy eyes are not typically a prominent symptom of the common cold, which is primarily characterized by nasal congestion, sneezing, and a runny nose.
Q- A patient presents with fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly and ascites. Microscopic examination of liver shows cellular swelling, necrosis, neutrophilic infiltration around the cells and sinusoidal and perivenular fibrosis.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A- Acetaminophen toxicity
B- Alcoholic hepatitis
C- Budd-Chiari syndrome
D- pyogenic liver abscess
B- Alcoholic hepatitis- Clinical picture and microscopic examination are consistent with alcoholic hepatitis. Acetaminophen toxicity may cause liver damage, but it is different form of cellular pathology and does not usually present with ascites. Budd-Chiari syndrome is characterized by liver congestion but does not usually cause fever, jaundice or cellular changes. Pyogenic liver abscess does not usually cause hepatomegaly, ascites or jaundice.
Q- A 13-year-old boy presents with multiple episodes of ear pain and fever. Examination reveals a red and bulging right tympanic membrane with yellow exudate. Laboratory studies confirm culture positive for Hemophilus influenzae. Six months later, he develops conductive hearing loss on the right. A head CT scan shows a mass in the right middle ear.
What material is most likely to be observed in the tissue collected from his middle ear?
A- Anthracitic pigment
B- Cholesterol crystals
C- Lipofuscin pigment
D- Neutrophil granules
B- Cholesterol crystals- This is a typical case of chronic otitis media with effusion. Cholesterol crystals are commonly found in tissue debris associated with this condition. They result from the breakdown of red blood cells and lipid-rich cellular debris in the middle ear space over time.
