Q- Which one of the following conditions is characterized by bone pain, bone enlargement, and arthritis?
A- Osteoarthritis
B- Osteomalacia
C- Paget disease of bone
D- Rickets
C- Paget disease of bone- It is characterized by both osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity. It leads to excessive bone breakdown and disorganized bone formation which results in pain, deformity, and fracture. It commonly affects the skull, lumber vertebra, pelvis, femur, and tibia.
Q- Stimulation of which one of the following receptors leads to renal vascular smooth muscle relaxation and activation of direct pathway of striatum?
A- Dopamine 1 receptor
B- Dopamine 2 receptor
C- Histamine 1 receptor
D- Histamine 2 receptor
A- Dopamine 1 receptor- Dopamine is used in cases of unstable bradycardia, heart failure, and shock
Q- Which one of the following types of necrosis mostly occurs in cases of acute pancreatitis?
A- Caseous necrosis
B- Coagulative necrosis
C- Fat necrosis
D- Fibrinoid necrosis
C- Fat necrosis- Damage of pancreatic cells leads to release of lipase which breaks down tissue triglycerides causing saponification. It is an enzymatic type of fat necrosis.
