Repeated USMLE Questions Step 1 Review-177- Pharmacology

Q- A patient treated with tacrolimus after kidney transplantation develops nephrotoxicity. What is the primary molecular mechanism of tacrolimus?

A- Blocks IL-2 transcription by inhibiting calcineurin

B- Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

C- Inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase

D- Stimulates T-cell apoptosis directly

A- Blocks IL-2 transcription by inhibiting calcineurin – Tacrolimus binds FKBP and inhibits calcineurin, preventing activation of T-cells by decreasing IL-2 transcription.

 

Q- A patient with chronic angina is treated with ranolazine. What is the primary mechanism responsible for its antianginal effect?

A- Decreased heart rate via beta blockade

B- Inhibition of late sodium current in cardiac cells

C- Increased coronary artery dilation

D- Stimulation of nitric oxide release

B- Inhibition of late sodium current in cardiac cells – Ranolazine blocks the late inward sodium current in cardiac myocytes, reducing intracellular calcium overload and improving myocardial relaxation and oxygen efficiency.

 

Q- A patient treated with mycophenolate mofetil develops leukopenia. What is the primary molecular target of this drug?

A- Dihydrofolate reductase

B- Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase

C- Thymidylate synthase

D- Xanthine oxidase

B- Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase – Mycophenolate inhibits IMP dehydrogenase, blocking de novo guanine nucleotide synthesis in lymphocytes, which depend heavily on this pathway, leading to immunosuppression and bone marrow suppression.

 

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Dr Ray Makar

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