Repeated USMLE Questions Step 1- Review- 356

Q- Which one of the following medications is used for cases of Parkinson’s disease and influenza type A?

A- Amantadine

B- Benztropine

C- Bromocriptine

D- Ribavirin

A- Amantadine- Amantadine is used in Parkinson’s disease to increase dopamine release and decrease reuptake, and it also has antiviral activity against influenza A (though it’s rarely used for flu now due to resistance).

Q- Which of the following statements is correct regarding the apex of the upright lung compared to its base?

A- Alveoli are more compliant at the apex than at the base

B- Alveoli are smaller at the apex than at the base

C- Blood perfusion is lower at the apex than at the base

D- Ventilation/perfusion ratio is lower at the apex than at the base

C- Blood perfusion is lower at the apex than at the base- In the upright lung, gravity causes less blood flow to the apex and more to the base. Apex alveoli are larger and less compliant, and the V/Q ratio is actually higher at the apex, not lower.

Q- A 60-year-old man complains of sudden onset of fever, jaundice, right upper abdominal pain and ascites. Liver biopsy shows areas of swelling and necrosis with neutrophilic infiltration. What is the diagnosis?

A- Acetaminophen toxicity

B- Alcoholic hepatitis

C- Budd-Chiari syndrome

D- Fatty liver

B- Alcoholic hepatitis- Alcoholic hepatitis typically presents with fever, jaundice, right upper quadrant pain, and elevated liver enzymes. Histology shows hepatocyte swelling, necrosis, and neutrophilic infiltration, often with Mallory bodies. Acetaminophen toxicity shows massive centrilobular necrosis, Budd–Chiari shows hepatic congestion due to venous obstruction, and fatty liver shows fat accumulation without significant neutrophilic inflammation.