Repeated USMLE Questions Step 1 Review-148- Pharmacology

Q- A 32-year-old man presents with dry mouth, blurred vision, and urinary retention after taking an over-the-counter cold medication. Which component is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

A- Dextromethorphan

B- Diphenhydramine

C- Guaifenesin

D- Phenylephrine

B- Diphenhydramine- First-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine have strong anticholinergic effects, causing dry mouth, blurred vision, and urinary retention.

 

Q- A 45-year-old woman treated with methimazole for hyperthyroidism develops fever and sore throat. What is the most appropriate next step?

A- Add propranolol

B- Administer prednisone

C- Continue the medication

D- Stop the drug and check WBC count

D- Stop the drug and check WBC count- Methimazole can cause agranulocytosis. The drug should be discontinued immediately, and a CBC obtained to confirm neutropenia.

 

Q- A 50-year-old man with Parkinson’s disease is started on levodopa–carbidopa. After several months, he develops involuntary movements of his limbs and face. What is this side effect called?

A- Akathisia

B- Chorea

C- Dystonia

D- Tardive dyskinesia

B- Chorea- Long-term levodopa therapy can lead to dyskinesias (chorea-like movements) due to fluctuating dopamine levels in the basal ganglia.

 

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