Q- Which one of the following substances is a synthetic nonsteroidal compound and mimics the effect of estrogen in the body?
A- Diethylstilbestrol
B- Estradiol
C- Estriol
D- Estrone
A- Diethylstilbestrol- This is the only one on the list that meets the description. Other choices are all-natural estrogens produced by the body and not synthetic.
Q- Which one of the following pathological findings from a renal biopsy is most likely consistent with the diagnosis of Berger’s disease?
A- Mesangial dense deposits
B- Subendothelial dense deposits
C- Subepithelial humps
D- Subepithelial uniform deposits
A- Mesangial dense deposits- In Berger’s disease, also known as IgA nephropathy, the characteristic pathological finding on renal biopsy is mesangial dense deposits. These deposits consist of IgA immune complexes primarily located in the mesangial area of the glomeruli.
Q- Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of methamphetamine?
A- Inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes
B- Blockade of NMDA receptors
C- Enhancement of dopamine and norepinephrine release
D- Activation of opioid receptors
C- Enhancement of dopamine and norepinephrine release- Methamphetamine works primarily by increasing the release of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This leads to heightened feelings of pleasure and increased alertness and energy. Methamphetamine achieves this by stimulating the release of these neurotransmitters from nerve terminals and inhibiting their reuptake, thereby prolonging their effects in the brain. This mechanism of action is central to its stimulant and addictive properties.
