Q- Which one of the following medications stimulates muscarinic receptors in airways when inhaled?
A- Bethanechol
B- Carbachol
C- Methacholine
D- Pilocarpine
Q- Which of the following characterizes syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion?
A- Euvolemic hyponatremia with continued Na excretion
B- Hyperosmotic volume contraction
C- Recommended treatment is desmopressin acetate and hydration
D- Serum osmolality is greater than urine osmolality
Q- Which of the following organisms is responsible for antibiotic-associated colitis?
A- Clostridium difficile
B- Clostridium botulinum
C- Clostridium perfringens
D- Clostridium tetani
Dear Dr. Nancy
This is a great question.
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is best defined by:
-Hyponatremia with corresponding hypoosmolality
-Continued renal excretion of Na+
-Urine less than maximally dilute
-Absence of clinical evidence of volume depletion – Normal skin turgor, blood pressure within the reference range
-Absence of other causes of hyponatremia – Adrenal insufficiency (mineralocorticoid deficiency, glucocorticoid deficiency), hypothyroidism, cardiac failure, pituitary insufficiency, renal disease with salt wastage, hepatic disease, drugs that impair renal water excretion
Correction of hyponatremia is accomplished by fluid restriction
Thank you so much
Dear Dr Ray,
Can you please explain the SIADH question and why you choose euvolemic hyponatremia
Thanks