Q- Which of the following is the initial treatment of choice for a case of hyperkalemia accompanied by ECG changes?
A- Calcium gluconate
B- Furosemide
C- Insulin with glucose
D- Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
A- Calcium gluconate- Calcium gluconate is given first to stabilize the heart when hyperkalemia causes ECG changes such as peaked T waves. It protects the myocardium but does not lower the potassium level.
Q- Which of the following laboratory values is most commonly elevated in cases of obstructive jaundice?
A- ALT
B- AST
C- Alkaline phosphatase
D- Unconjugated bilirubin
C- Alkaline phosphatase- In obstructive jaundice, alkaline phosphatase is usually elevated more than transaminases. It reflects bile duct obstruction or cholestasis.
Q- Which of the following is the first-line treatment for a case of acute asthma exacerbation?
A- Inhaled corticosteroids
B- Leukotriene receptor antagonists
C- Oral theophylline
D- Short-acting beta 2 agonists
D- Short-acting beta 2 agonists- SABAs such as albuterol are the first line of treatment in acute asthma attacks because they work quickly to relax bronchial smooth muscle and open the airways.
