pathology

Q- A 60-year-old woman presents with progressive jaundice and weight loss. Imaging shows a mass at the head of the pancreas. Which of the following is the most likely paraneoplastic finding? A- Cushing syndrome B- Hypercalcemia due to PTHrP secretion C- Hyponatremia due to SIADH D- Migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseau syndrome)   Q- A 27-year-old man … Read more

Q- A 62-year-old man with a history of chronic alcohol use presents with weight loss, epigastric pain, and jaundice. CT scan shows a mass in the head of pancreas. Which tumor marker is most useful for this diagnosis? A- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) B- Cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) C- Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) D- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) … Read more

Q- A 55-year-old man presents with hematuria. Cystoscopy shows a papillary growth in the bladder. Histology reveals malignant transitional cells. Which of the following is the most significant risk factor for this condition? A- Chronic cystitis B- Cigarette smoking C- Cyclophosphamide therapy D- Schistosoma haematobium infection   Q- A 65-year-old man presents with progressive dyspnea … Read more

Q- A 55-year-old man with a long history of alcohol use presents with abdominal distension. Physical exam reveals shifting dullness and spider angiomas on the chest. His lab results are: total bilirubin 3.2 mg/dL, albumin 2.1 g/dL, and an INR of 1.9. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology of his condition? A- Autoimmune … Read more

Q- Which one of the following laboratory tests can differentiate primary aldosteronism from secondary aldosteronism? A- Plasma aldosterone concentration B- Plasma renin activity C- Serum cortisol D- Serum sodium   Q- Which one of the following is the most frequent form of pericarditis associated with myocardial infarction? A- Constrictive pericarditis B- Fibrinous pericarditis C- Hemorrhagic … Read more